The Guide to Command Terms for IB Economics

Succeeding in IB Economics requires more than just a thorough understanding of economic theories and concepts. Your ability to respond effectively to questions using the correct approach is key. Command terms play a pivotal role, as they specify exactly what examiners expect in your answers, from calculations to detailed analyses.

What Are Command Terms?

Command terms are the instructional words or phrases used in IB Economics questions, guiding students on how to structure and present their answers. These range from straightforward tasks like "state" or "identify" to more complex actions such as "explain" or "evaluate."

Each command term has a specific meaning, and examiners expect students to respond accordingly. For example:

"Calculate" requires you to show all steps leading to the final answer.
"Describe" calls for a clear explanation of an economic concept, model, or scenario.

With exams typically contributing to around 80% of the overall marks in most IB subjects, mastering command terms is essential to maximise your results.

💡Check out our blog for a full breakdown of how the IB is graded!

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IB Economics Command Terms

Command Term	Description
Analyse	Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.
Apply	Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given problem or issue.
Calculate	Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working.
Comment	Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation.
Compare	Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Compare and contrast	Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Construct	Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.
Contrast	Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Define	Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.
Derive	Manipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation or relationship.
Describe	Give a detailed account.
Determine	Obtain the only possible answer.
Discuss	Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Distinguish	Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items.
Draw	Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.
Evaluate	Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.
Examine	Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue.
Explain	Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.
Identify	Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.
Justify	Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.
Label	Add labels to a diagram.
List	Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.
Measure	Obtain a value for a quantity.
Outline	Give a brief account or summary.
Plot	Mark the position of points on a diagram.
Recommend	Present an advisable course of action with appropriate supporting evidence/reason in relation to a given situation, problem or issue.
Show	Give the steps in a calculation or derivation.
Show that	Obtain the required result (possibly using information given) without the formality of proof. "Show that" questions do not generally require the use of a calculator.
Sketch	Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship and should include relevant features.
Solve	Obtain the answer(s) using algebraic and/or numerical and/or graphical methods.
State	Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.
Suggest	Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.
To what extent	Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument.

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Why Are Command Terms Important?

Clarity in Expectations:
- Command terms clearly define what the question is asking for. Misunderstanding or ignoring them can lead to incomplete or incorrect answers, even if you understand the economic concepts.
Efficient Time Management:
- Identifying the command term early allows you to focus your response appropriately, saving time and avoiding unnecessary details or explanations.
Maximising Marks:
- IB examiners assess responses based on how accurately they address the specific requirements of the question. Responding effectively to command terms ensures you meet all necessary criteria to secure full marks.

Study and Exam Tips for IB Economics

Mastering command terms is just one step toward success in IB Economics. Incorporate these strategies into your study routine to ensure you’re fully prepared:

1. Practise Past Papers

Familiarise yourself with how command terms are applied in real IB Economics exams by working through past papers. Pay close attention to how questions are structured and study the mark schemes to understand the level of depth required.

After speaking to over 500 IB tutors, one consistent piece of advice was highlighted: the best way to prepare for IB exams is by practising past papers.
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Get The Complete List of All IB Command Terms

Do you want to get a 7? Understanding all the IB command terms are critical to doing well in the IB exams

2. Build a Command Term Glossary

Create a list of all command terms and their definitions. Use flashcards or a central document to review them regularly. This will help you become familiar with the specific expectations of each term.

3. Analyse Mark Schemes

Study how marks are allocated for different types of questions. This will help you understand the depth of explanation, evaluation, or diagram work required to fully meet the demands of each command term.

4. Use Accurate Diagrams

For command terms like "illustrate" or "explain," ensure your diagrams are clearly labelled and directly support your written response. Quality diagrams can often enhance the clarity of your answers.

5. Practise Under Timed Conditions

Simulate exam settings by timing your practice sessions. This will train you to quickly identify command terms and craft responses that meet their requirements, improving both speed and accuracy during the exam.

6. Seek Constructive Feedback

Have your teacher or tutor review your practice answers and provide detailed feedback. This will help you refine your approach and ensure your responses align with the expectations of command terms.

Conclusion

Mastering command terms is a vital component of success in IB Economics. These terms serve as a guide, directing your responses and helping you meet the expectations of IB examiners. However, achieving top marks requires more than understanding command terms—consistent practice, a strong grasp of economic theories, and strategic preparation are also essential.

With dedication and the right strategies, you’ll be well-prepared to excel in IB Economics and achieve your academic goals.