The Guide to Command Terms for IB Geography

Success in IB Geography is not just about understanding patterns and processes; it’s about presenting your knowledge in a way that aligns with the expectations of IB examiners. Command terms are critical in this context—they guide how you structure your responses and ensure you address all necessary components of the question.

What Are Command Terms?

Command terms are the instructional words or phrases used in IB Geography questions, guiding students on how to structure and present their answers. These terms range from simpler tasks like "state" or "outline" to more complex directives such as "evaluate" or "discuss."

Each command term has a precise meaning, and examiners expect students to address them accurately. For example:

"Describe" requires you to provide detailed information about a geographical process or pattern.
"Analyse" asks you to break down a concept or phenomenon, identifying its key components and relationships.

With exams contributing significantly to the overall marks in most IB subjects, mastering command terms is essential for achieving strong results.

💡Check out our blog for a full breakdown of how the IB is graded!

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IB Geography Command Terms

Command Term	Description
Analyse	Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.
Annotate	Add brief notes to a diagram or graph.
Classify	Arrange or order by class or category.
Compare	Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Compare and contrast	Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Construct	Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.
Contrast	Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Define	Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.
Describe	Give a detailed account.
Determine	Obtain the only possible answer.
Discuss	Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Distinguish	Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items.
Draw	Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.
Estimate	Obtain an approximate value.
Evaluate	Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.
Examine	Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue.
Explain	Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.
Identify	Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.
Justify	Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.
Label	Add labels to a diagram.
Outline	Give a brief account or summary.
State	Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.
Suggest	Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.
To what extent	Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with empirical evidence and sound argument.

Why Are Command Terms Important?

Clarity in Expectations:
- Command terms clearly specify what the question demands. Misinterpreting or ignoring them can result in incomplete or irrelevant answers, even if your geographical knowledge is strong.
Efficient Time Management:
- Recognising the command term early allows you to structure your response appropriately, saving time and avoiding unnecessary details.
Maximising Marks:
- IB examiners allocate marks based on how well you address the specific requirements of a question. Responding effectively to command terms ensures you meet the necessary criteria for full marks.

Study and Exam Tips for IB Geography

Mastering command terms is just one part of excelling in IB Geography. To fully prepare for your exams, incorporate these strategies into your study routine:

1. Practise Past Papers

Get familiar with how command terms are applied in actual IB Geography exams by working through past papers. Pay attention to how questions are structured and use mark schemes to understand the required level of depth and detail.

After consulting with over 500 IB tutors, one standout piece of advice was clear: the best way to prepare for IB exams is by practising past papers.

Get The Complete List of All IB Command Terms

Do you want to get a 7? Understanding all the IB command terms are critical to doing well in the IB exams

2. Create a Command Term Glossary

Compile a list of all command terms with their definitions. Use flashcards or a central document to regularly review them, ensuring you understand the expectations for each term.

3. Study Mark Schemes

Analyse how marks are awarded for various questions. Understanding the requirements for each command term will help you tailor your responses to meet the necessary criteria.

4. Use Case Studies Effectively

For terms like "evaluate" or "discuss," incorporate relevant case studies to support your arguments. Well-chosen examples demonstrate your understanding of real-world applications and strengthen your responses.

5. Practise Under Timed Conditions

Simulate exam scenarios by practising under time constraints. This will help you quickly identify command terms and construct clear, concise responses during the actual exam.

6. Seek Constructive Feedback

Have your teacher or tutor review your practice responses and provide feedback. This will help you refine your approach and ensure your answers align with the expectations of the command terms.

Conclusion

Mastering command terms is a critical step towards success in IB Geography. These terms provide a framework for crafting responses that meet the expectations of IB examiners. However, achieving top marks also requires consistent practice, a strong grasp of geographical concepts, and the effective use of case studies and examples.

With dedication and the right strategies, you’ll be well-prepared to excel in IB Geography, delivering insightful answers and reaching your academic goals.