The Guide to Command Terms for IB Physics

Excelling in IB Physics isn’t just about understanding equations or mastering concepts—it often comes down to how well you respond to questions in a way that meets the expectations of IB examiners. A key element of this is grasping command terms. These precise words or phrases in exam questions clearly specify what is required in your answers.

What Are Command Terms?

Command terms are the instructional verbs or directives used in IB Physics questions, guiding students on how to approach and structure their answers. These can range from simple tasks like "state" or "identify" to more complex actions such as "explain" or "analyse."

Each command term has a precise meaning, and examiners expect students to respond accordingly. For instance:

"Calculate" requires you to show all steps leading to the final answer.
"Describe" demands a clear explanation of a concept or process in physics.

Given that exams contribute to roughly 80% of the total marks in most IB subjects, a thorough understanding of command terms is essential to optimise your exam performance.

💡Check out our blog for a full breakdown of how the IB is graded!

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IB Physics Command Terms

Command Term	Description
Analyse	Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.
Annotate	Add brief notes to a diagram or graph.
Apply	Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given problem or issue.
Calculate	Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working.
Comment	Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation.
Compare	Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Compare and contrast	Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.
Construct	Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.
Deduce	Reach a conclusion from the information given.
Define	Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.
Demonstrate	Make clear by reasoning or evidence, illustrating with examples or practical application.
Derive	Manipulate a mathematical relationship to give a new equation or relationship.
Design	Produce a plan, simulation or model.
Determine	Obtain the only possible answer.
Discuss	Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Draw	Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.
Estimate	Obtain an approximate value.
Evaluate	Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.
Explain	Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.
Formulate	Express precisely and systematically the relevant concept(s) or argument(s).
Hence	Use the preceding work to obtain the required result.
Hence or otherwise	It is suggested that the preceding work is used, but other methods could also receive credit.
Identify	Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.
Justify	Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.
Label	Add labels to a diagram.
List	Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.
Measure	Obtain a value for a quantity.
Outline	Give a brief account or summary.
Plot	Mark the position of points on a diagram.
Predict	Give an expected result.
Show	Give the steps in a calculation or derivation.
Show that	Obtain the required result (possibly using information given) without the formality of proof. "Show that" questions do not generally require the use of a calculator.
Sketch	Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship, and should include relevant features.
Solve	Obtain the answer(s) using algebraic and/or numerical and/or graphical methods.
State	Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.
Suggest	Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.
Write down	Obtain the answer(s), usually by extracting information. Little or no calculation is required. Working does not need to be shown.

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Why Are Command Terms Important?

Clear Understanding of Expectations:
- Command terms specify exactly what the question is asking. Misinterpreting or neglecting them can lead to incomplete or incorrect answers, even if your knowledge of physics is strong.
Efficient Time Management:
- Recognising the command term early enables you to structure your response appropriately, saving time and avoiding unnecessary explanations.
Maximising Marks:
- IB examiners assess responses based on how well they meet the specific requirements of the question. Addressing command terms accurately ensures you cover all necessary criteria to achieve full marks.

Study and Exam Tips for IB Physics

Mastering command terms is only one piece of the puzzle. To ensure you’re fully prepared for IB Physics, incorporate these strategies into your study routine:

1. Practise Past Papers

Familiarise yourself with how command terms are used in real IB Physics exams by working through past papers. Pay close attention to how questions are structured and review the mark schemes to understand the level of detail required.

After surveying over 500 IB tutors, one common piece of advice stood out: the best way to prepare for IB exams is by practising past papers.

Get The Complete List of All IB Command Terms

Do you want to get a 7? Understanding all the IB command terms are critical to doing well in the IB exams

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2. Create a Command Term Glossary

Compile a list of all command terms along with their definitions. Use flashcards or a centralised document to review them regularly. This practice will help you internalise the specific requirements of each term.

3. Understand the Mark Schemes

Study how marks are awarded for different types of questions. This insight will help you gauge the level of explanation, calculation, or detail needed to address each command term appropriately.

4. Show All Working

Always include your reasoning and calculations, even for straightforward questions. This is particularly important for command terms such as "justify" or "explain," where your thought process contributes to your marks.

5. Practise Under Timed Conditions

Simulate exam scenarios by timing your practice sessions. Train yourself to quickly identify command terms and craft responses that align with their demands. This will enhance both your speed and accuracy during the actual exam.

6. Seek Feedback

Ask your teacher or tutor to review your practice answers and provide feedback. This will help you refine your approach, ensuring your responses align with the expectations of command terms.

Conclusion

Understanding and mastering command terms is a vital part of excelling in IB Physics. These terms serve as a road map, guiding your responses and ensuring you meet the expectations of IB examiners. However, command terms are just one aspect of exam success. Pair this knowledge with consistent practice, a deep understanding of physics concepts, and strategic preparation to position yourself for top results.

With dedication and the right approach, you’ll be well on your way to achieving your goals in IB Physics.